Experimental and Modeling Study on Reduction and …

1)Unlike the carbothermal reaction of solid carbon with iron ores (e.g.iron ore pellet, sinter, and lump), the heat transfer and reaction kinetic char- acteristics of the gas …

Mechanisms in oxidation and sintering of magnetite iron ore green pellets

Thermal volume changes and oxidation mechanisms in magnetite iron ore green pellets balled with 0.5% bentonite binder, as a function of raw material fineness and pellet porosity, are shown.

From mine to port

The trains that transport iron ore from the processing plants in Kiruna and Gällivare are 750 meters long. ... just like pellets. Sinter is a piece of iron ore that has an irregular shape, and is both larger and less efficient in iron making than a pellet. ... (fusing) elements into a solid mass by combining pressure with heat, without melting ...

Discrete and Continuous Modeling of Heat and Mass …

Heat transfer in a random packed bed of monosized iron ore pellets is modelled with both a discrete three-dimensional system of spheres and a continuous …

Drying and Roasting Characteristics of Iron Ore Pellets with …

Drying and roasting behavior of iron ore pellets with microwave and conventional heating have been comparably investigated. The results showed that the dehydration time of green pellets can be shortened by approximately two-thirds with microwave heating. Meanwhile, the average compressive strength of pellets with …

Prediction of Sinter Properties Using a Hyper-Parameter …

The current study presents a novel approach for the utilization of ultra-fines iron ore (-0.2 mm) in sintering process through its conversion into mini-pellets (4-9 mm). The mini-pellets were composed of ultra-fine iron ore and calcium hydrate while coke fines were used as a coating layer.

Mathematical modeling of thermal behavior of single iron …

NextGen Pelletizing™

• Traveling grate for sintering • Iron ore pelletizing • 3 Mtpy pellet plant • Emission optimized sinter plant • Burners for different industrial fuels • 5 Mtpy pellet plant • Modified furnace design (recuperation, energy efficiency) • 7 Mtpy pellet plant VisioPellet • New cooling concepts • 9 Mtpy pellet plant • DeSOx and ...

Discrete and Continuous Modeling of Heat and Mass Transport …

Drying of a porous bed of iron ore pellets is here considered by modeling a discrete two-dimensional system of round pellets. As a complement to the two-dimensional model, a continuous one-dimensional model enabling fast calculations is developed. Results from the discrete model show that the temperature front advances faster in areas with large …

OPTIMIZATION OF IRON ORE PELLETS PRODUCTION IN …

1.1 Iron Ore Pellets Pellets are little iron ore balls used in the steelmaking process. They're made employing technology that makes use of powder that's created during the ore extraction procedure. Pellets are used to make steel, which is utilised in the construction of bridges, automobiles, planes, bicycles, goods, and much more.

Preparation of Iron Ore Micro-pellets and Their Effect on Sinter …

At present around 6–7% of iron ore slimes, out of total production, are being generated and accumulated at iron ore mine sites of National Mineral Development Corporation Limited, India. The accumulated slimes of finer size and relatively inferior grade should be utilized in an economical way for sustainable mining. These slimes can be …

Reduction of Iron Ore Pellets, Sinter, and Lump Ore …

sinter and iron ore pellets begins to resemble each other at higher temperatures. FULL PAPER l steel research ... and lump ore). Prior to determination of the original weight of pellets, they were heat treated at 110 C overnight to remove any moisture. Particle size and sample amount differed being 30 pcs per …

Influence of magnetite concentrate morphology on …

Induration of magnetite iron ore pellets includes drying, oxidation to hematite, sintering, and cooling. ... Considering that magnetite pellets are indurated through a complex physicochemical process that involves oxidation, sintering, and heat transfer, these phenomena were evaluated by thermal analysis of BM and HPGR …

Reduction of Iron Ore Pellets, Sinter, and Lump Ore under …

The BF is charged with metallurgical coke and iron burden materials including iron ore pellets, sinter, and lump ore. While descending in the BF the charge materials reduce. The iron-bearing materials should reduce fast and remain in the solid form until as high a temperature as possible to ensure reaction contact with reducing …

[PDF] Reduction of Iron Ore Pellets, Sinter, and Lump Ore …

A blast furnace (BF) is the dominant process for making iron in the world. The BF is charged with metallurgical coke and iron burden materials including iron ore pellets, sinter, and lump ore. While descending in the BF the charge materials reduce. The iron‐bearing materials should reduce fast and remain in the solid form until as high a …

Modeling and Simulation of Heat Front Propagation in the Iron Ore …

The aim of this work was to develop a model for the iron ore sintering process with special focus on heat front propagation through the packed bed and to provide a powerful tool ("SinterSim v1.1 ...

Heat Transfer Analysis of the Mosaic Embedding Iron Ore Sintering

Heat Transfer Analysis of the Mosaic Embedding Iron Ore Sintering (MEBIOS) Process ... two-dimensional (2D) and three-dimensional (3D) simulation models for simulating the mosaic embedding iron ore sintering (MEBIOS) process were developed on the basis of the concept of the multiply shared space (MUSES) method. When one …

Recent progress in sustainable and energy-efficient technologies …

Iron ore sinter plants are energy-intensive components of integrated iron and steel production (see Table 1), where the iron ore fines (<5 mm) are converted into larger (>5 mm) lump sinter cakes with greater gas permeability, which are the most important burden materials for iron making in blast furnaces (BFs) [7].The main process is shown …

Numerical Simulation of Heat and Mass Transfer Behavior during Iron Ore

Accurate computational models of sintering behavior would assist to enhance sinter quality and are anticipated to play a role in yield prediction. Sintering is a vital process in the manufacturing of iron and steel. As a consequence, the primary objective of these models will be a thorough simulation of mass and heat transport …

Solid state sintering in the induration of iron ore pellets

Transport mechanisms active during strength development of pellets are dealt with. SUCCESSFUL pilot plant development of the process to pelletize fine iron oxide …

NextGen Pelletizing™

Optimal plant performance and lowest TCO (Total Cost of Ownership) Produces pellets with excellent metallurgical and physical properties for both the blast furnace and the …

Iron Ore Sinter

Automated optical image analysis of natural and sintered iron ore. E. Donskoi, ... J.R. Manuel, in Iron Ore, 2015 4.2.2 Sinter. Low-temperature (< 1300 °C) iron ore sinter is an agglomerate of unmelted and partially melted nuclei particles (+ 1 mm) and a matrix bonding phase produced from the melting of fine ore (− 1 mm) and flux particles, with …

Characterization and drying kinetics of iron ore pellet feed and sinter

Abstract The moisture content of iron ore must be suitable for safe handling and transporting operations. Here, the characterization and drying kinetics of iron ore concentrates were presented and recommendations for the design of dryers were discussed. Pellet feed and sinter feed showed a high amount of fine particles (8–20% …

Heat Transfer Analysis of the Mosaic Embedding Iron Ore Sintering

The 'mosaic embedding iron ore sintering' (MEBIOS) process is a new method for iron ore sintering, which aims to efficiently use low-grade ores and ensure high productivity of sinter by separating a sintering bed to the induction bed and green pellets of larger size. ... Overview of Simulation Model In order to simulate the heat transfer ...

Modeling of Combustion and Heat Transfer in an Iron Ore Sintering …

The iron ore sintering was characterized as a relatively uniform process of solid material, coke combustion, various modes of heat transfer, and the complicated physical changes of solid particles.

Sintering: A Step Between Mining Iron Ore and Steelmaking

World resources are estimated to be greater than 800 billion tons of crude ore containing more than 230 billion tons of iron. The only source of primary iron is iron ore, but before all that iron ore can be turned into steel, it must go through the sintering process. Sinter is the primary feed material for making iron and steel in a blast furnace.

SIMULATION OF HEAT TRANSFER AND FLUID FLOW IN …

The principle of sintering pellets is almost the same in grate-kilns and on travelling grates. The process starts with up- draught drying (UDD), followed by down- draught drying …

Heat transport during drying of iron ore pellets

transportability and mechanical strength, pellets are sometimes produced from good iron ore as well. Pellets are thus sintered spheres with high ore content. The average diameter for iron ore pellets is around 12 mm. 99 % of all pellets have a diameter in the size range 6.3 -16 mm and 70 % of these are within the interval 10-12,5 mm.

(PDF) COMPARISON OF SINTER AND PELLET USAGE IN AN …

The global seaborne iron ore market including si nter feed, lump ore, pellets and pellet feed has rapidly increased over the last decade. While sinter feed sales dominate the

Discrete and Continuous Modeling of Heat and Mass …

Abstract. Drying of a porous bed of iron ore pellets is here considered by modeling a discrete two-dimensional system of round pellets. As a complement to the …

Iron Ore Pelletizing Process: An Overview

Learn about the process of making iron ore pellets from fines and concentrates, the raw materials, the bonding mechanisms, the induration technologies, and the challenges and innovations. This …

Mechanisms in oxidation and sintering of magnetite iron ore green pellets

In the present work, oxidation and sintering mechanisms in iron ore green pellets under non-sintering and sintering conditions were studied. The intent was to get more information about the sensitivity of the formation of duplex structures for variations in raw material fineness and in green pellet porosity. ... At 1100 °C and 1200 °C, heat ...

Sintering Process

14th International Symposium on Process Systems Engineering. Haoran Li, Tong Qiu, in Computer Aided Chemical Engineering, 2022. 2.1 Process description. The sintering process is an important thermochemical process in the blast furnace ironmaking system. It involves the heating of fine iron ore with flux and coke fines or coal to produce a semi …

Modeling and Simulation of Heat Transfer Phenomena in an …

A mathematical model was developed for the iron ore sintering process considering all the major thermochemical phenomena in the system, assuming both the static and moving bed configurations.

Mechanism of magnetite iron ore concentrate morphology …

1. Introduction. Iron ore pellets are one of the significant sources of iron for iron and steel making due to their superior metallurgical performance, low energy consumption, and less emission of environmentally harmful dust and gases during the production process [1], [2], [3].The two primary raw materials for pellet production are …

Numerical Simulation of Heat and Mass Transfer Behavior …

The current research shows that the gas–solid convection heat transfer is the most important heat transfer mode in the sintering process, so the selection and determination of the heat transfer coefficient plays a decisive role in the stable and …