Case Study of Thermal Profile Design for Traveling Grate

Both straight-grate and grate-kiln furnaces have been accepted in the iron ore industry. Both are considered to be roughly equal when comparing overall costs and expenses versus the final product ...

Sintering | Powder Compaction, Heating & Cooling | Britannica

sintering, the welding together of small particles of metal by applying heat below the melting point.The process may be used in steel manufacturing—to form complex shapes, to produce alloys, or to work in metals with very high melting points.In a steel-sintering plant a bed of powdered iron ore, mixed with coke or anthracite, is ignited by a gas burner and …

(PDF) Iron Ore Sintering: Process

L. F. Verdeja (2017) Iron Ore Sintering: Process, Mineral Processing and Extractive Metallurgy. Review, 38:4, 215-227, DOI: 10.1080/08827508.2017.1288115 ... the sintering grate is a continuous ...

Drying and preheating processes of iron ore pellets in a …

Abstract: A mathematical model of drying and preheating processes in a traveling grate was presented based on the laws of mass, momen-tum, heat transfer, and drying …

Virtual indurator: A tool for simulation of induration of wet iron ore

A model of the iron ore sintering process has been developed with the objective of being representative of the sinter pot test, the standard laboratory process in which the behaviour of specific ...

Iron Ore Sintering: Raw Materials and Granulation

Sintering is an agglomeration process that fuses iron ore fines, fluxes, recycled products, slag-forming elements and coke. The purpose of sintering is to obtain a product with suitable...

Iron processing

Iron ore sintering consists of heating a layer of fines until partial melting occurs and individual ore particles fuse together. For this purpose, a traveling-grate machine is used, and the burning of fine coke (known as coke breeze) within the ore generates the necessary heat. Before being delivered to the sinter machine, the ore mixture is ...

Rate-Limiting Mechanism in Iron Ore Sintering Process …

product, commonly known as sinter, is the major feed to Blast Furnace to produce hot metal. The hot metal is fur-ther refined in a convertor to produce steel. In the iron ore sintering process, sinter mix consisting of the fines of iron ore, limestone, dolomite and solid fuel is mixed with water, granulated and charged on a traveling grate.

Traveling Grate Sinter Plant

The Coupling Effect in Drying Section in Traveling Grate: a …

Traveling grate is a widely used process for iron ore pellet production; however, the thermal state of pellets in drying section is still unclear. In this study, the temperature distribution of drying section was investigated using computational fluid dynamics (CFD). Based on the calculated results of airflow velocity, space temperature …

Drying and preheating processes of iron ore pellets in a …

The temperature profile of the iron ore pellet bed in a traveling grate was systematically measured in China. The bed mean temperatures were achieved with the pellets bed height of 0, 70, 120, and 180 mm, respectively, as shown in Fig. 3. In addition, the weighted average method was used

How to Achieve Uniform Sinter Quality

During the iron ore sintering process in iron and steel manufacturing, ... The raw materials are sometimes mixed with water to provide a cohesive matrix, and then placed on a continuous, travelling …

Recent advances in iron ore sintering

Sintering is the most economic and widely used agglomeration process to prepare iron ore fines for blast furnace use. Owing to the depleting reserves of traditional high grade iron ore, there have been considerable changes in iron ore resources available throughout the world, especially in steel mills in East Asia.

Introduction to Iron ore Pellets and Pelletizing processes

Fig 2 Flowsheet of straight travelling grate process. ... Normally pellets are reduced considerably faster than sinter as well as iron ore lumps. High porosity also helps in better metallization in DRI production. Pellets have a …

Study of the Parameters Influencing the Temperature

The thermal state of iron ore pellets during traveling-grate processes is complex, and sintering is a complex coupling process involving multiple physical factors. In this study, the temperature distribution during updraught drying (UDD) is investigated using computational fluid dynamics (CFD) and orthogonal testing. Based on the calculated …

Effect of Fuel Characteristics on the Thermal Processes in …

Iron Ore Sintering Bed ... coke and limestone form a bed on a traveling grate as shown in Fig. 1(a). Air is supplied to the bed by a down draft suction fan. The combustion commences at the top

Iron Ore Pelletizing Process: An Overview

The iron ore production has significantly expanded in recent years, owing to increasing steel demands in developing countries. However, the content of iron in ore deposits has deteriorated and low-grade iron …

Drying and preheating processes of iron ore pellets in a traveling grate

A mathematical model of drying and preheating processes in a traveling grate was presented based on the laws of mass, momentum, heat transfer, and drying semiempirical relations. A field test was systematically carried out in a traveling grate. The effects of pellet diameter, moisture, grate velocity, and inlet gas temperature on the …

Study of the induration phenomena in single pellet to traveling grate …

The process for pelletizing iron ore fines is an important operation unit for producing high quality of raw materials for the subsequent reduction processes such as blast furnace or direct reduction. The process essentially involves production of green pellets and induration on a traveling grate furnace to promote inner partial melt and ...

A forecast model of the sinter tumble strength in iron ore …

Iron ore sinter is an ordinarily utilized iron-bearing burden in BF iron-making unit. The sintering agglomeration procedure aims to form high strength sinter including granulating of the mixed materials, distributing the granulated materials and then igniting the fuels (coke or coal), sintering the iron-bearing materials by the combustion of fuel in a …

Virtual indurator: A tool for simulation of induration of wet iron ore …

The paper presents a software that allows one to simulate the traveling grate furnace, evaluating product and process characteristics. The simulation follows a deterministic, fundamental-based mathematical model of the TGF, which considers the gas network, predicts pellet properties and energy consumption and productivity ofthe process.

The Coupling Effect in Drying Section in Traveling Grate: a …

The thermal state of iron ore pellets during traveling-grate processes is complex, and sintering is a complex coupling process involving multiple physical factors. ... Coke combustion is the main ...

State of the Art in Air Pollution Control for Sinter Plants

The sinter is produced in the sinter plant by agglomeration of the charge which consists of iron ore fines, fluxes and fine-grained recycled iron-containing materials such as dusts, sludge and scale. Due to the high volume of off-gas from the sintering process, sinter plants are responsible for a significant proportion of the atmospheric ...

Basics of Iron Ore Sintering

In iron making process, sintering of iron ore fines is an integral step to utilize not only the ore fines but also to introduce a part of flux (limestone and dolomite) along with the sinter in blast furnace burden. ... At the Institute (CSIR-IMMT}, a sintering pot grate furnace facility of 400 × 400 × 730 mm size, with a suction blower having ...

Iron ore sintering

The sinter pot has a grate area of 0.075 m 2 and a variable depth ranging from 0.5 to ... it takes time for water to travel through particles to reach the surface of ore particles and through particle porosity to reach the inner pores of ore particles. ... Iron ore sinter typically constitutes more than 70% of the blast furnace ferrous burden ...

Mechanisms in oxidation and sintering of magnetite iron ore …

Magnetite iron ore pellets are produced by agglomerating moist, finely ground magnetite concentrate together with a binder in balling drums or balling discs to pellets, typically between 9 and 15 mm in diameter. In the Grate Kiln pelletizing process, the wet green pellets are loaded on a travelling grate with a bed height of 23 cm.

Iron Ore Pellets and Pelletization Process

For the pelletizing of iron ore there are two main types of processes namely, the straight travelling grate (STG) process and the grate kiln (GK) process. In the STG process, a stationary bed of pellets is transported on an endless travelling grate through the drying, oxidation, sintering and cooling zones.

Sintering: A Step Between Mining Iron Ore and Steelmaking

World resources are estimated to be greater than 800 billion tons of crude ore containing more than 230 billion tons of iron. The only source of primary iron is iron ore, but before all that iron ore can be turned into steel, it must go through the sintering process. Sinter is the primary feed material for making iron and steel in a blast furnace.

Study of the Parameters Influencing the Temperature …

The thermal state of iron ore pellets during traveling-grate processes is complex, and sintering is a complex coupling process involving multiple physical factors.

Sintering: Most Efficient Technologies for Greenhouse …

FeO so formed combines with SiO 2 and fluxes resulting in the formation of fluxed sinter.. The flexibility of the sintering process permits conversion of a variety of materials, including iron ore fines, captured dusts, ore concentrates, and other iron-bearing materials of small particle size (e.g., mill scale) into a clinker-like agglomerate.

I-Jet

The premier, proven burner for iron ore sintering and pelletizing plants using straight/traveling grate kilns. I-Jet can also be used in a number of other applications such as hot gas generators, calciners and pre-heat chambers. ... Traveling grate kiln for iron-ore. Product Details: Gaseous or Liquid fuel systems. 0.5 – 20MW; Fuel flexible ...

Predictive models and operation guidance system for iron ore …

DOI: 10.1016/jpchemeng.2015.04.035 Corpus ID: 31017940; Predictive models and operation guidance system for iron ore pellet induration in traveling grate-rotary kiln process @article{Fan2015PredictiveMA, title={Predictive models and operation guidance system for iron ore pellet induration in traveling grate-rotary kiln process}, …

SINTERING AND PELLETISATION OF INDIAN IRON ORES

HYBRID PELLETIZED SINTERING. HPS is characterized by micro pellets with high mechanical strength, measuring between 2 mm and 8 mm. HPS feed consists of iron …

Traveling Grate Sinter Plant: Efficient Sintering Solutions

UCC Environmental (UCC) Traveling Grates are specifically designed for iron ore sintering and pelletizing processes. Our dedicated team of Quality Assurance …

Sintering Technology for Iron ores and Optimization of Sinter Machine

Basic sintering technology . The sintering technology is basically an agglomeration process for the iron ore fines which is dependent on heat to melt the surface of the smaller particles together to form larger agglomerates. A typical sinter plant consists of a number of sequential operating units with the sinter machine at the heart of the plant.

Iron Sintering

Iron ore sinter are virtually all produced in travelling-grate installations (fig 2).The process of sintering begins with the preparation of the raw materials consisting of iron ore fines, fluxes, in-plant metallurgical waste materials, fuel and return fines of the sinter plant. These materials are mixed in a rotating drum and water is added in ...