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the nature of steel slag
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Critical role of slags in pitting corrosion of additively
It has been postulated that rising gas bubbles through the slag drag steel droplets from the bulk steel into the slag 42. Fig. 4: Transmission electron microscopy characterization of Type I slags ...
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Review Characteristics of steel slags and their use in cement …
In China, BOF slag accounts for about 70% of the annual steel slag production (Cheng and Yang, 2010).In the BOF process (Fig. 1), minor steel scrap and a large amount of molten iron from ironmaking as well as fluxes (lime/dolomite) are added into the furnace, and a 99% pure oxygen flow is applied at supersonic speed through a lance …
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CHEMISTRY, MINERALOGY AND MORPHOLOGY OF …
steel slag and stainless steel slag, In order to gain a better understanding of their potential cementitious behavior. Overview of slag generation from the steel making ... highly crystalline in nature due to its high basicity (alkalinity) (14,16). The crystalline phase of steel slags is clearly evident from the complex structure of ...
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Steelmaking Slag
Steelmaking slag, or steel slag, is a by-product from the production of steel during the conversion of hot metal to crude steel in a basic oxygen furnace, or during the melting of scrap in an EAF. ... In Figure 2.2, the expansive nature of blast furnace and steel slag is presented with the variation in the blast furnace–to–steel slag ratio.
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Basic oxygen furnace slag: Review of current and potential …
1.4.2. The basic oxygen furnace (BOF) The BOF process forms part of the primary steel production route, which also incorporates the BF process. In a BF, the iron ore, limestone and fuel are continuously supplied through the top section of the furnace, while heated air is forced into the lower section (Geerdes, Toxopeus, & Van der fliet, 2009).The end …
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Steel Slag—Its Production, Processing, Characteristics, and
Steel slag is a byproduct from either the conversion of iron to steel in a basic oxygen furnace, or the melting of scrap to make steel in an electric arc furnace. This paper reviews the production, processing, and characteristics of steel slag, and its use as a cementing component in different cementing systems. ...
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Steel Slag: Chemistry, Mineralogy, and Morphology
Steel slag is a by-product of the steel industry. Understanding of the chemical, mineralogical, and morphological properties of steel slag are necessary for its use in sustainable practices. This paper provides an overview of the different types of steel slag that are generated from basic-oxygen-furnace (BOF) steelmaking, electric-arc …
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Steel slag in China: Treatment, recycling, and management
Many restrictions exist, however, on the utilization of steel slag. When steel slag is used internally, in steel plants, the most obvious problem is that of the enrichment of P and S (Drissen et al., 2009).The Bhilai Steel Plant in India was shut down because of its high S and P content (Das et al., 2007).The amounts of free lime and free MgO are …
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Geochemical Characterization of Iron and Steel Slag and Its …
The hard and dense nature of air-cooled slag makes it suitable for its primary use as aggregates in concrete, asphalt paving, fill and road bases. Almost all granulated blast furnace slag ... (AMFeC). The steel slag (AMSteelC) and slag from two legacy sites (ILSS2, ILSS5) contained slightly less C with concentrations that ranged from 1.5 to 2.7 ...
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Comprehensive utilization of steel slag: A review
1. Introduction. Steel slag is the main solid waste generated in the steel-making process, accounting for 15 to 20% of crude steel output [1].China's crude steel output in 2021 was 1.035 billion tons [2], more than half of the global crude steel output (1.9505 billion tons) [3], and the steel slag output exceeded 120 million tons.In contrast, …
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A review of steel slag as a substitute for natural aggregate …
Abstract. Steel slag is the main by-product of steelmaking, and its stacking and burying cause serious pollution to soil and water. Meanwhile, the exploitation of gravel is restricted with the implementation of ecological environment protection, resulting in the lack of nature aggregate.
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Steel Slag: Chemistry, Mineralogy, and Morphology
This paper provides an overview of the different types of steel slag that are generated from basic-oxygen-furnace (BOF) steelmaking, electric-arc-furnace (EAF) …
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Stability of soil slope in Almaty covered with steel slag
Steel slag can nevertheless be utilized for minimizing rainwater infiltration into the slope, as indicated by the pore-water pressure variations and graphs of the safety factor versus time ...
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Recent applications of steel slag in construction industry
1.3 Utilization of steel slag. Utilization of steel slag in various industries as raw material can provide environmental sustainability and therefore ensure the reduction in exploitation of natural resources (Yüksel, 2017).Toward the sustainable environment, the use of industrial waste can minimize the disposal of wastes to the environment which helps the …
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Thermodynamic Simulation and Computational Study of the …
Micropulverization of steel slag is an important way to achieve its efficient utilization. Its purpose is to reduce the particle size of steel slag and improve its iron recovery rate. However, the high hardness and poor grindability of steel slag make it constrained by process and cost. Carbon thermal reduction can reduce the phosphorus …
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Characterization and Sustainable Utilization of Steel Slag …
One such byproduct is Steel Slag (SS) generated from Iron and Steel Plants, which pose a significant economic and environmental burden in India. World across, India is the 3rd producer of steel with a production capacity of around 101.4 Million Tonnes (MT) in the year 2017 [ 1, 2 ].
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(PDF) Steel slag and its applications in cement and concrete …
Due to the free lime in steel slag, they determined that samples formed of steel slag cracked during the autoclaving process, the samples containing 80% steel slag and 20% silica powder had 23 MPa compressive strength, the samples having 80% steel slag and 20% fly ash had 5.3 MPa, and the samples having 50% steel slag and 50% cement had …
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Mechanical, Physico-Chemical and Morphological …
The high crystalline nature of EOF steel slag shows its weak potential for any hydraulic activity that confirms dimensional stability. EOF steel slag does not have any pozzolanic activity, due to its high crystallinity . This is highly attributed to the EOF steel slag's volume stability, which is major quality of aggregate [46,47].
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Review Accelerated carbonation of steel slag: A review of …
Steel slag is a byproduct of the steelmaking process and can be categorized based on furnace types into basic oxygen furnace slag (BOFS), electric arc furnace slag ... (CA) is widely present in nature; it is a metal enzyme that utilizes a metal-activated hydrogen oxide mechanism for catalysis [159].
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Utilization possibilities of steel slag as backfill material
The use of slag, which is generated as a by-product in steel production process, as backfill material in coastal structures is of great importance in terms of protecting the nature,...
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Steel slag amendment impacts on soil microbial …
The slag amendment enhanced soil microbial biomass, soil enzyme activities and enriched certain bacterial taxa featuring copiotrophic lifestyles and having …
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Electric recycling of Portland cement at scale | Nature
The slag was stirred once using a steel rod during the heating cycle and was tapped out on a 20-mm thick steel plate. The slag samples were slightly oxidized during the mixing and tapping out process.
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Characteristics and environmental aspects of slag: A review
Slag is a waste product from the pyrometallurgical processing of various ores. This paper summarizes the mineralogy, geochemistry, and environmental impacts of …
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Steel plant slag dumps: A potential source of groundwater
Abstract The metallurgical processes in production of iron and steel from ores produce slags (blast furnace slag and basic oxygen furnace slag), which is usually dumped as solid waste by various steel plants around the world. The present study assessed and estimated the impact of slag dump piling up for the last 60 years on the hydrogeological …
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Research on the Properties of Steel Slag with Different …
The porous nature of steel slag results in high water absorption levels of steel slag aggregate, generally between 1% and 2% [30,31]. Steel slag crushed stone is suitable for road material requirements, as it can be used for the road base layer, the surface layer, ...
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Comprehensive utilization of steel slag: A review
Steel slag is the main solid waste produced in the process of steel-making. Chinese steel slag has the characteristics of large output and low utilization. Most of the …
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Analyzing the Mechanical and Durability Characteristics of Steel Slag
Steel slag is a solid byproduct of the steelmaking process, widely generated in the metallurgical industry. Due to its alkaline nature and excellent adhesive properties with asphalt, it represents a potential road construction material with outstanding road performance, making it well-suited for utilization in highway construction. This paper …
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The influence of steel slag on the hydration of cement …
The influence of steel slag, a by-product from the processing of iron to steel, on the hydration of cement during the hydration process of complex binder was studied by calorimetry, X-ray diffraction analysis, and Ca(OH)2 content determination. The results show that steel slag and cement affect each other's hydration by changing the hydration …
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Analysing the influence of ground granulated blast furnace slag …
This study examines the effect of Ground Granulated Blast Furnace Slag (GGBS) and steel fibers on the flexural behaviour of RC beams under monotonic loading.Various percentages of GGBS were used ...
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A Review on Environmental Concerns and Technological …
Steel slag from a specific iron and steel industry contains toxic elements like alkalis, heavy metals, and metalloids. These toxic elements get released into the …
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Decarbonising the iron and steel sector for a 2 °C target
In a pathway based on energy recovery and resource recycling of glassy blast furnace slag and crystalline steel slag, we show that a reduction of 28.5 ± 5.7% …
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Steel Slag
Steel slag is a solid waste generated in the steel making process and composed of oxides of calcium, iron, silicon, magnesium, and other elements. Learn about its properties, …
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Quantitative characterization and evaluation of key …
1. Introduction. Steel slag is a by-product of the steelmaking process, accounting for about 10%−16% of crude steel production. The accumulation and storage of steel slag can cause serious damage to the environment [1], [2].Based on its superior physicochemical and mechanical characteristics, steel slag can replace natural …
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Chemical, Mineralogical, and Morphological Properties of …
Steel slag is a byproduct of the steelmaking and steel refining processes. This paper provides an overview of the different types of steel slag that are …
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Chemical composition of steel slag (%)
Steel slag is mixed with expansive soil; the friction of the soil increases due to the granular nature of the steel slag (James, et al., 2018). ... Using Steel Slag for Stabilizing Clayey Soil in ...
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CO2 Mineralization and Utilization using Steel …
where D CO2 (m 2 /s) is the diffusivity of CO 2 species which is a function of temperature 17, δ is the film thickness (m), and k CO2 is the mass transfer coefficient (m/s). According to our ...